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Lab 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes as evidence of plate tectonics
Introduction:
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Lab 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes as evidence of plate tectonics
Introduction:
Strong supporting evidence for plate tectonics can be found in the patterns formed by mapping earthquake activity across the globe. In this exercise you will be asked use Google Earth pro to explore patterns in the occurrence of earthquakes and Volcanoes. You will create maps showing the occurrence and depth/magnitude of each event. You will also manually create a plot showing the patterns of earthquake depth across different types of plate boundaries
Data and Methods:
USGS website on earthquakes: https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-ha…
(Links to an external site.)
(https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-ha… may need to install Google Earth Pro if it is not already installed. https://www.google.com/earth/versions/
(Links to an external site.)
(https://www.google.com/earth/versions/)Source of data and global earthquake events is from Northern California Earthquake Data Center: http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.html
(Links to an external site.)
(http://www.ncedc.org/anss/catalog-search.html)
Data for lab 2 are the .kmz files and they can run them from your local computer.
Download the data here. Link to Data Download (https://una.instructure.com/courses/89737/files/15271442?verifier=f443nsgAH5Vc09kNMfDYck2saWC2hHWRi0Ik2xSn&wrap=1) (https://una.instructure.com/courses/59226/files/8484469/download?download_frd=1)
download
(https://una.instructure.com/courses/59226/files/84… Plate Boundary as a reference. Link to Data Download (https://una.instructure.com/courses/89737/files/15271443?verifier=1jJvSR9cTdnLCZb7oLquAJsKDy3Zb3vF03q4EDM6&wrap=1)
Download Link to Data Download
(https://una.instructure.com/courses/89011/files/14884368/download?download_frd=1). This is an option data you can display on Google Earth Pro. The data source is https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/g… (https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/g…)
After you download the data, go to the folder and unzip the file.
Instruction for “How to unzip the files”
(Links to an external site.)
()
Analysis:
Data for this exercise are for the entire Earth and include, volcanoes, earthquake depth and magnitude that occurred over a 25-year period. They have been downloaded from the website listed above and converted to a Google Earth .kmz file. You will be using Google Earth to visualize and analyze the patterns in earthquake and volcanoes around the planet. Include screen captures from Google Earth to support your analysis (you do not have to include one for every question, but a few to illustrate your analysis). You will also be using an outline map of the world to map certain locations.
To answer #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 refer to https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-ha…
(Links to an external site.)
(https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards/earthquake-ha… answer # 13, 14, 15, 17, the link to “how to creat a elevation profile in Google earth”
Links to an external site.
()Create an elevation profile in Google Earth Pro
Links to an external site.
()would be helpful.
1 Within the USGS website on earthquakes (specifically, in the statistics area) how many deaths worldwide was there in 2004?
2 How does that number compare to worldwide death rates in 2015?
3 How many earthquakes were in Alabama in 2015?
4 How does that compare to how many earthquakes there was in Alaska in 2015?
5 Now, look in the special earthquakes section. Look at the information about the new Madrid earthquake under eyewitness accounts. Click on Unniversity of Memphis. Read what Eliza Bryan wrote about the earthquake in a letter in 1816. Give a short summary of her account – particularly if any of the account stood out to you.
6 Now, look at the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. Watch the shake intensity video. What pattern do you see in the areas of violent intensity?
7 Explore this link https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/oklahoma-has-had-surge-e… to an external site.
(https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/oklahoma-has-had-surge-earthquakes-2009-are-they-due-fracking) . Explore why there are more earthquakes in Oklahoma than in California. What is causing this?
8 Using class information, textbook and or websites: How is frequency of earthquakes and magnitude related?
9 Explain the term ‘ring of fire’.
10 Display the volcano data along with the earthquake data in Google Earth. In the Google Earth, go to file menu, click on Open and choose “Volcano-1”. Go to file menu again, click on Open and choose “EQ_Mag_25yr-1”. How do observed patterns in your mapped earthquake and volcano locations support plate tectonic theory? (Hint: compare locations to the ‘ring of fire’ and plate boundaries, specifically subduction zones).
11 Identify on your map a place of high correlation between plate tectonic and the occurrence of earthquakes and volcanoes.
12 Identify a place of low correlation on your map.
13 Using the earthquake depth file, create a cross section of earthquake locations/depths across a plate boundary (using an area in Southern California). You will first draw an transect (an imaginary line from point A to point B) that crosses from the ocean into California. This will form the ‘X’axis of your cross section. Next, identify the depth for the points that are along or near your transect and plot those depths on the ‘Y’ axis. (Use Altitude – Relative to sea floor.) After you have completed the cross section, include a screenshot of the transect you made as well as the cross section/elevation profile. () for more help.
14
What type of plate boundary would explain this pattern? (If it has a subtype, what subtype would it be?)
15
Now, create a cross section near the Andes of Western South America. After you have completed the cross section, include a screenshot of the transect you made as well as the cross section/elevation profile. .
16
What type of plate boundary would explain this pattern? (If it has a subtype, what subtype would it be?)
17
Discuss how these patterns also provide support for plate tectonic theory?
Conclusion: What is your verdict?
Grading Policy:
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Answer to those questions and submit your answers.
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Please use a word or pdf file for the submission and name the file as in “GE112_Lab2_YourLastName.pdf/doc/docx”.
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Grading policy: Each lab will carry 50 points. Each question will have an equal portion to 50 points. Read the questions carefully to avoid any missing portion of each question. Late labs will be graded 0 after the due date.
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