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READ: Before attempting to complete this lab assignment, do this: (1) Read the d
READ: Before attempting to complete this lab assignment, do this: (1) Read the directions on this Canvas Assignment, and then (2) watch the Zoom pre-recorded and captioned video instructions on how to complete the online version of Exericise 3 “Genetics: The Basics” in the Lab Manual to Accompany Anth 111 (7th Edition).
Each lab exercise in this 100% online class is an online version of what is printed in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 with different instructions for some of the exercises. Each lab is based on experiential learning and is supposed to take 1-2 hours to complete–just like the lab assignments in the face-to-face classrooms at LAVC.
Resources
Supplies: A pair of dice and two coins (to play heads or tails) and a permanent ink pen or piece of tape to write “M” on one coin and “F” on the other coin; an Internet connection, and the lab manual’s exercise pages (see below).
Link to this lab’s exercise pages in the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Ed) Exercise 3 “Genetics: The Basics” (pages 25-39) (PDF): Anth111Manual7Ex3Genetics.pdf Download Anth111Manual7Ex3Genetics.pdf
Microsoft Word file of the Lab Manual for Anth 111 (7th Edition): LAVCLabManual7thEditionc2019Word.doc Download LAVCLabManual7thEditionc2019Word.doc
In this Word doc format, you can listen to its directions using an audio screen reader. You can also type your answers on its exercise questions. You can also copy-paste the questions and your typed answers onto a Google Doc or Microsoft Word doc and upload that file as your answers for this Canvas Assignment for Lab #1. ALWAYS read the directions on the lab’s Canvas Assignment page first. When the directions on a Canvas Assignment differ from the lab manual’s directions in the PDF or Word file, use the directions on the Canvas Assignment page. Some of the exercises in these labs have been modified from their original lab manual directions for this 100% online class.
Pre-recorded and captioned video lecture for Lab #3: Zoom pre-recorded lecture: Lab #3 Genetics
My lecture slides: 03_MendelianGenetics111Kirwin2023.pdf Download 03_MendelianGenetics111Kirwin2023.pdf
You don’t need these lecture slides. You can review these lecture slides if you think you need help answering some of the Study Questions that are based on what you were taught about genes, alleles, chromosomes, mitosis, and meiosis in Anth 101.
Directions
Before beginning the lab exercises, you must follow the directions on this Assignment for the online version of this lab.
Complete these exercisesComplete and answer the online versions of the following exercises in the Lab Manual to Accompany Anth 111 (6th Edition):
Exercise 3.1 “Gamete & Zygote Formation” Just read this section. There are no exercises on pages 25 – 27.
–>Just read these pages. There are no exercises.
Skip Exercise 3.2 “Some Simple Genetic Traits” (pages 28 – 29) for “Tongue rolling” and “Earlobes” etc.
–>Just read these pages. There are no exercises.
Skip Exercise 3.3 “PTC Polymorphism” (pages 29 – 30)
–>Just read these pages. Do not do the “PTC Polymorphism” exercises (pages 35 -36).
Exercise 3.4 “Sex-linked Traits” (pages 30 – 32) Just read this section.
Exercise 3.5 “Cat Coat Color Genetics” (pages 32-33). Just read this section and use its information for Exercise 3.6 under “Cat Coat Genetics”, “Polygenic Traits Contributed by Alberto Vigil,” and the Study Questions.
Exercise 3.6 “Polygenic Traits” (pages 33-38) Read this section carefully. You will use the information on pages 32-33 to help you complete the charts. The first chart and questions assigned are about the inheritance of colors and length of fur on cats and the second exercises that are assigned are about the nature of how a person’s height is inherited from their parents. Just ignore the directions to compare your results with your classmates.
(1) Complete the exercises after the words “Cat Coat Genetics…” on pages 34-35.
–> Do not do the “PTC Polymorphism” exercises (pages 35 -36).
(2) Complete the exercises after the words “Polygenic Traits Contributed by Alberto Vigil” on pages 35-38. You will need two coins to “flip a coin” to determine the inheritance of different genes for height. There are hundreds of genes associated with human height by the way. Human height is also influenced by childhood nutrition and stress. This is a very simplified version of what happens in the real world. You do not have to graph the different heights. [updated 4/20/23]
Skip the Study Questions 1-9 (pages 39-40): You do not have to answer the study questions for this lab. Disregard the directions to answer the study questions in the pre-recorded Zoom video. They were for an earlier class and not your class. [updated 4/22/24]
Optional to read (nothing to do or submit): Curious about cat genetics? I found a scientific article with an electron scanning microscope image of a cat’s entire genome (called a karyotype) of 19 pairs of chromosomes (38 chromosomes total)! Our genome’s karyotype has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 chromosomes). Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7152298/
Lab #3 Grading Rubric
Lab #3 consists of the following points for each exercise:
0 points: Exercise 3.1 “Gamete & Zygote Formation” (no exercises on pages 25 – 28)
10 points: Exercise 3.6 “Polygenic Traits” skip “PTC Polymorphism” on page 35 (exercises on pages 34-39)
+ 0 points: Study Questions 1-9 (questions on pages 39-40)
10 points: Maximum points possible
Additional Resources
My lecture slides with key term definitions and examples (PDF). Link:03_MendelianGenetics111Kirwin2023.pdfDownload 03_MendelianGenetics111Kirwin2023.pdf
Regarding Ex. 3.4: Cat Coat Color “S” and “s” alleles for the cats with white, tuxedo, or black coat colors:
Regarding Ex. 3.3 “Sex-linked Traits”: The X-chromosome-linked traits are caused by a recessive allele on sex chromosome X and include hemophilia and Red-Green color blindness, both affect men (almost always). A recessive allele (version of a gene) is written in a lowercase letter like “h” for the recessive X-lined gene for hemophilia for example.
Since these diseases are caused by one recessive allele on the pair of sex chromosomes that are XY, men get these diseases but women rarely do since they have two X- chromosomes and the non-disease allele (written in an upper case letter like “H” for example) is dominant and cancels out the recessive disease gene (written in a lower case letter like “h” for hemophilia for example).
People who are heterozygous recessive carry the recessive allele for the disease on one X-chromosome (“h”) but the dominant non-disease allele (“H”) on their other X-chromosome, which “cancels it out” the recessive (“h”) version. Therefore women are typically carriers of the X-linked disease in their pair of sex chromosomes (XhXH) while mostly only men get these X-linked diseases since they have only one X-chromosome in their pair of sex chromosomes (XhY). If that man’s single X-chromosome has the hemophilia gene (“h”), he doesn’t have a normal second X-chromosome to cancel it out. They have a Y-chromosome instead. [“Meow”]
For a review of how genes are packaged on sections of DNA called chromosomes, and types of alleles (recessive and dominant), please read pages 29-30 in the Lab Manual for Anth 111, or listen to my recorded video lecture (uploaded to Canvas Tuesday, 2/23/21), before attempting these exercises.
Note: Skip the Study Questions! (Page 41): You do not have to answer these for this lab.
SKIP THE STUDY QUESTIONS FOR THIS LAB ! 🙂
Key Terms to Know for Exercise 3 “Genetics: The Basics”:
Homologous chromosomes
alleles
homozygous
heterozygous
gametes
somatic cells
meiosis
genotypes
phenotypes
dominant (allele)
recessive (allele)
co-dominant (alleles)
Punnet Square
sex-linked traits
autosomes
sex chromosomes
Y-linked traits
X-linked traits
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