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What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant
What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
Discuss the symptoms disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD)
Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
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What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
The comprehensive screening tools evaluate and diagnose clients to support them with treatment for the child’s specific needs. Reichenberg & Seligman (2016), discussed some assessments, including but not limited to the Hamilton rating scale, the hypomania checklist, the mood disorder questionnaire, the parenting stress index, and the children’s depression inventory-2 in the chapter. These assessments were created to properly assess the child by using gathered information on characteristics and examination of the child.
The history of the child’s behaviors and experiences that may have led to the current behaviors, the child’s developmental history, the child’s behaviors in the home and community settings, and any life events or trauma that may have occurred can all be used to support parental reporting of symptoms. While the parent’s study cannot replace the clinical assessment, it can help identify the underlying cause of the issue
Discuss the symptoms of disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD)
The DSM-5 has added a new diagnosis called DMDD. It is used for children aged 6 to 18 years. The symptoms of the diagnosis include verbal behaviors, extreme outbursts, and harm to oneself and others that are not expected for a child in the child’s age range for at least a year. The symptoms occur both at home and in the community regularly. The child must start exhibiting symptoms before turning ten years old to be diagnosed with the disorder The diagnosis is easily misdiagnosed because it is similar to other diagnoses, such as bipolar (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016)
Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
With Separation Anxiety Disorder, a person experiences anxiety when they are not around their primary attachment figure. This can lead to panic attacks because the person is always afraid of what might happen when they are with their trusted person (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016).
As a social worker, I have encountered children who are in the foster care system and have experienced a lot of traumas including separation. One of the children struggled with separation anxiety due to the trauma of being separated from her biological family. Bottom of FormBecause of this, she struggled to make the necessary transitions in the community and the home. When the child moved in with her kinship placement (parent), she formed an attachment that was hard to break. She feared being alone again. On one particular occasion, the child was left in a cart while the parent went to the next aisle to get an item. This caused a major episode that caused her to ‘swipe’ merchandise on the shelves in the store because she did not see the parents.
REFERENCES
Reichenberg, L.W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive
systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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DHDaydreona Huggins
Jul 11 9:25pmManage Discussion by Daydreona Huggins
Reply from Daydreona Huggins
What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
Reichenberg & Seligman (2016) states, “Making a distinction between clinically significant symptoms in children is difficult, given their age, normative developmental behavior, comorbid diagnoses (e.g., ADHD), and parental reporting of symptoms” (p. 113). It is important to also consider other possibilities of behavior such as developmental delays, parent-child relationship problems, child temperament and psychosocial stressors (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016).
Discuss the symptoms of disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD).
In order for a client to be diagnosed with Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder they must meet the diagnostic criteria. American Psychiatric Association (2013) describes symptoms of DMDD as “chronic severe, persistent irritability” (p.178). The persistent irritability shows up as frequent temper outbursts such as verbal or behavioral. That includes physical aggression toward people or property. Symptoms must occur at least three times a week for at least 1 year in a home or school setting. The persistent of irritable or angry mood. It must be present, most of the day, almost every day and others must notice it” (p.178).
Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
American Psychiatric Association (2013) defines Separation Anxiety Disorder as “excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures” (p.217). An example of separation anxiety is a child being fearful of being separated from their mother because they are severely attached.
Reference
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. (5th ed.). (DSM-5). Washington, DC: Author.
Reichenberg, L.W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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HBHarini Boppana
Jul 11 7:43pmManage Discussion by Harini Boppana
Reply from Harini Boppana
1. What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
According to Reichenberg & Seligman (2016), making a distinction between clinically significant symptoms in children is difficult, given their age, normative developmental behavior, comorbid diagnoses, and parenting reporting of symptoms (p. 113). The clinically significant symptoms can be assessed by interviewing the parent and child together and separately and establishing a baseline of the child’s behavioral history (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p.113). The interview should also include information on elevated mood, irritability, and decreased need for sleep (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p.113). “Parenting reporting of symptoms should include maintaining behavioral journals or mood logs to document the symptoms” (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p.113).
2. Discuss the symptoms of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD).
“Symptoms of DMDD must be present before the age of 10 (by history or observation) and include severe irritability or frustration that includes more severe temper outbursts that would be expected for the child’s developmental stage or that are out of proportion in level of intensity or length than what is warranted for the situation” (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p. 146). According to Reichenberg & Seligman (2016), these outbursts can be behavioral or verbal, occur three or more times a week over a one-year period, and occur in at least two different settings.
“The second manifestation of severe irritability consists of chronic, persistently irritable or angry mood that is present between the severe temper outburst”(American Psychiatric Association, 2022, p.178). These symptoms should be present for at least one year and the child has never had a consecutive 3-month period in which all of these symptoms were absent (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016). “The onset of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder must be before age 10 years, and the diagnosis should not be applied to children with a developmental age of younger than 6 years” (American Psychiatric Association, 2022, p.179).
3. Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
Separation Anxiety Disorder is defined as an excessive and developmentally inappropriate fear of being separated from a caregiver or loved one (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p. 176). Fear must be present for a minimum of 4 weeks in children and adolescents, and 6 months or more in adults, and cause significant functional impairment (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p. 177). For example, 8-year-old Johnny refuses to go to school and leave his mother as he has excessive fear that something might happen to his mother when he is at school.
Reference
American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders: FITFH edition, text revision: DSM-5-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Reichenberg, L. W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting Effective Treatments: A Comprehensive, Systematic Guide to Treating Mental Disorders. John Wiley & Sons.
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Claudia Brown
Edited Jul 11 8:16amLast reply Jul 11 7:40pmManage Discussion by Claudia Brown
Reply from Claudia Brown
What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
It should be noted that “making a distinction between clinically significant symptoms in children is difficult, given their age, normative developmental behavior, comorbid diagnoses (e.g., ADHD), and parental reporting of symptoms” (Luby & Beldon, 2006, 2008 as cited in Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p. 113). The relationship and potential issues present within the family unit can skew the results gathered from parental reporting of symptoms. Clinically significant symptoms are clearly and consistently present and affect the individual in a non-subjective manner. Parental reporting can still be used for comparison or to reinforce that the symptoms present are clinically significant.
Discuss the symptoms disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD)
From reading Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.), some main points I picked up about disruptive mood dysregulation are that it is a diagnosis for children younger than 18 but older than 6, it is more common in males, and one must be careful to not confuse it with bipolar disorder (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016). To separate DMDD and bipolar disorder the text suggests that “differential diagnosis of DMDD and bipolar disorder should center on the presence or absence of a manic or hypomanic episode” (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016, p. 148).
Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines separation anxiety disorder as having “the essential feature of separation anxiety disorder is excessive fear or anxiety concerning
separation from home or attachment figures (APA, 2013). A very simple example could be a child who refuses to sleep in their bed alone and will only sleep in the bed of their parents together with them. If the child tries to sleep alone they might have nightmares or throw a fit due to the distress of being seperated.
ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
Reichenberg, L.W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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ASAjani Scott
Jul 11 9:23amLast reply Jul 11 7:14pmManage Discussion by Ajani Scott
Reply from Ajani Scott
1. What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
According to (Luby & Beldon, 2006,2008) the distinction in childhood assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms is difficult, given their age, normative developmental behavior, and comorbid diagnoses. Other possibilities for the behavior must be considered, including developmental delays, parent-child relationship problems, child’s temperament, and other new or ongoing psychosocial stressors (AACAP,2007).
2. Discuss the symptoms disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD)
American Psychiatric Association (2022) states that DMDD is a chronic severe, persistent irritability. According to (Reichenberg and Seligman 2016, p.146) the symptoms of DMDD must be present before age 10 by history or observation and include severe irritability or frustrations that includes more severe temper outburst than would be expected for the child’s developmental stage or that are out or proportion in level of intensity or length than what is warranted for the situation. The outburst can be either behavioral (e.g., attacks against property, self, or others), or verbal (e.g., emotional storms or tirades). They occur three or more times a week over a 1-year period, and occur in at least two different settings (e.g., home, school, with friends). During the time between temper outbursts, the child’s mood does not get better, rather, the child Is chronically irritable or angry most of the day, almost every day. This can be observed by others (e.g., parents, teachers, friends). During the previous 12 months, the child has never had a consecutive 3-month period in which all these symptoms were absent (Reichenberg and Seligman 2016).
3. Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
According to the American Psychiatric Association (2022) Separation Anxiety disorder is defined as excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures (American Psychiatric Association 2022, p.217). An example of separation anxiety would be fear of being alone, without major attached figures nearby or refusal to attend school or reluctance to leave home to go to work, shopping, or other places that is caused by a fear of separation (Reichenberg and Seligman 2016, p.177).
References:
Reichenberg, L.W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. (5th ed.). (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: Author
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JLJasmine Lincoln
Edited Jul 11 6:45pmLast reply Jul 11 7:11pmManage Discussion by Jasmine Lincoln
Reply from Jasmine Lincoln
1. What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms?
According to Reichenberg & Seligman (2016) Making a distinction between clinically significant symptoms in children is difficult, given their age, normative developmental behavior, comorbid diagnoses (e.g., ADHD), and parental reporting of symptoms (Luby & Beldon, 2006, 2008). In childhood assessment, the distinction between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms is crucial for understanding the child’s actual psychological or behavioral issues versus what parents perceive or report. While clinically significant symptoms are essential for diagnosing and treating childhood disorders, parental reporting of symptoms provides valuable context and insights that contribute to a thorough assessment and understanding of the child’s psychological and behavioral functioning. Both aspects are integral to effective assessment and intervention planning in child psychology and psychiatry.
2. Discuss the symptoms disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD)
According to American Psychiatric Association (2022) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is a relatively new diagnosis introduced in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) to describe severe and impairing temper outbursts in children and adolescents. It was included to address concerns about overdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children who did not meet criteria for classic episodic mania or hypomania. American Psychiatric Association (2022) noted symptoms of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation are severe temper outburst that occur at least three times per week on average, Persistent Irritability or angry mood most of the day, nearly every day, between temper outbursts, and Onset and Duration of presence for at least 12 months to receive the diagnosis. It is essential for clinicians to carefully assess and differentiate DMDD from other disorders to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning aimed at reducing symptoms and improving overall functioning.
3. Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example.
According to American Psychiatric Association (2022) Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a psychological condition characterized by excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures or from home. It is considered a childhood disorder, typically diagnosed in children, but it can also affect adolescents and occasionally adults. American Psychiatric Association (2022) noted that individuals with separation anxiety disorder are reluctant or refuse to go out by themselves because of separation fears. For an Example: My nephew becomes extremely anxious when his mother leaves for work each morning. He clings to his mother, crying and begging her not to leave. Despite the multiple reassurances that she will return promptly his anxiousness worsens to where his mother would ask for permission to work from home most days being that he refuses to be separated from her. According to American Psychiatric Association (2022) symptoms of separation anxiety causes significant distress and impairment in functioning. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for helping children like my nephew manage their anxiety and lead more fulfilling lives.
References:
American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual for mental disorders. (5th ed.). (DSM-5-TR). Washington, DC: Author.
Reichenberg, L.W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive
systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
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HLHannah Lanier
Jul 11 7:03pmManage Discussion by Hannah Lanier
Reply from Hannah Lanier
What is the distinction in Childhood Assessment between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms? Social workers must begin making a distinction between important symptoms. This is a difficult process due to age, development, comorbid diagnoses, and parental reporting. Parents typically have the same condition as their children. For this reason, parental reporting can be unreliable or not a symptom. An example of this would be if the child is has a rocky relationship with the parent and is having outbursts. The parent may perceive this as a symptom when it simply isn’t. An example of a clinically significant symptom would be something that contradicts where a child should be developmentally (Reichenberg & Seligman, 2016) .
Discuss the symptoms of disruptive Mood Dysregulation (DMDD). DMDD has verbal temper outbursts that reoccur 1 to 3 times a week. These temper outbursts are inconsistent with the developmental age of the child. Additionally, these individuals tend to be angry even when they are not experiencing an outburst. To make a diagnosis these episodes must have been occurring for at least 12 months and persisting in multiple locations (APA, 2022).
Define Separation Anxiety Disorder and give an example. Separation Anxiety Disorder is where someone feels an inappropriate and a large amount of fear regarding separation from whoever the individual is attached to (APA, 2022). An example of this is when you buy a dog. The dog develops a bond with you and only knows you. When you leave the dog destroys the house. This is because the dog is experiencing Separation Anxiety. Another example would be when a child is being dropped off at school and the child begins throwing a fit and crying.
References:
American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Neurodevelopmental disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).
Reichenberg, L. W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive, systematic guide to treating mental disorders (5th ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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BOBrynn Ortiz
Jul 11 6:50pmManage Discussion by Brynn Ortiz
Reply from Brynn Ortiz
The distinction between clinically significant symptoms and parental reporting of symptoms in childhood assessment is very important and necessary to accurately diagnoses and create a treatment plan. Clinically, significant symptoms must meet specific diagnostic criteria by mental health professionals. That is done by assessments and observations. These symptoms will impair a child functioning and cause distress. On the clinical side family history also comes into play because if there are psychological issues, the practitioner professionals can complete testing to distinguish between different behaviors. There are a lot of different factors that come into play when a diagnosis is given to a child for any behavioral issues they may have. Reichenberg and Seligman (2016), explained, “parents should be asked to maintain behavioral journals or mood logs to help document symptoms” (p. 170). The parents get to observe their child’s behavior and report back all the symptoms that they are showing. For an assessment according to Reichenberg and Seligman (2016), “A complete medical exam is an important part of a comprehensive multimodal assessment for panic disorder, which will also include a clinical interview, behavioral assessments, and client self-reports with logs or panic diaries, or self-report questionnaires” (p.195).
American Psychiatric Association (2013) explained, “The core feature of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is chronic, severe persistent ir-ritability. This severe irritability has two prominent clinical manifestations, the first of which is frequent temper outbursts” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.156). DMDD goes beyond a bad mood, it is a lot more severe than that. The outbursts are out of frustration and they can be verbal or behavioral with aggression. “Youth with DMDD experience significant problems at home, at school, and often with peers. They also tend to require mental health care services, including doctor visits and sometimes hospitalization. Additionally, these children are at an increased risk of developing anxiety and depression in the future” (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d). An example of DMDD is a parent telling their child that it is time to stop playing and start their homework, a kid without DMDD would most likely still get upset but a kid with DMDD will get extremely upset and emotional and have temper tantrums that end up in yelling or hitting or both.
American Psychiatric Association (2013) explained, “The essential feature of separation anxiety disorder is excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from home or attachment figures. The anxiety exceeds what may be expected given the person’s developmental level” (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p.191). A child with this disorder can also have a hard time sleeping or have nightmares due to excessive worry. An example of separation anxiety disorder would be parents dropping off their kid at school and the kid feeling extremely worried, upset, ill, could harm themselves or someone else due to excessive worry being away from his parents.
References:
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual for
mental disorders. (5th ed.). (DSM-5). Washington, DC: Author.
Reichenberg, L. W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive, systematic guide to treating
mental disorders (5th ed.). Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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